What is the difference between verification and validation in software testing?

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What is the difference between verification and validation in software testing?

Verification and Validation are two crucial aspects of software testing, each serving a distinct purpose in ensuring software quality.

Verification is the process of evaluating work-products (not the actual final product) to check whether they meet the specified requirements. It answers the question:

"Are we building the product right?"

It is typically a static process, which involves reviews, walkthroughs, and inspections. Verification is done early in the development phase and includes checking documents like requirement specifications, design documents, and code before execution.

Examples of verification activities include:

Requirement reviews

Design reviews

Code inspections

Static analysis

Validation, on the other hand, is the process of evaluating the final product to check whether it meets the business needs and expectations. It answers the question:

"Are we building the right product?"

Validation is a dynamic process, which involves executing the software to identify defects and ensure it behaves as expected in real-world scenarios.

Examples of validation activities include:

Functional testing

System testing

User acceptance testing (UAT)

Integration testing

In simple terms:

Verification ensures the product is designed correctly.

Validation ensures the correct product is built.

Both are essential to deliver a high-quality software product that is both technically sound and meets user requirements.

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