Explain the phases of the software testing life cycle (STLC).
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The Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC) is a systematic process that outlines various phases involved in testing software to ensure its quality and reliability. Each phase in the STLC has specific goals, deliverables, and entry/exit criteria.
Phases of STLC:
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Requirement Analysis:
In this phase, the testing team reviews and analyzes the requirements to identify what is testable. They interact with stakeholders to understand the functionality and define the testing scope.
Deliverable: Requirement Traceability Matrix (RTM) -
Test Planning:
The test strategy is created here. Resources, tools, timelines, and responsibilities are determined.
Deliverable: Test Plan Document -
Test Case Design:
Test cases and test scripts are designed based on the requirements. Test data is also prepared.
Deliverables: Test Cases, Test Data -
Test Environment Setup:
The required hardware and software conditions are established to execute test cases. This may involve configuring test servers, databases, and networks.
Deliverable: Test Environment Setup Document -
Test Execution:
Testers execute the test cases and compare actual results with expected results. Any deviation is logged as a defect.
Deliverables: Test Execution Report, Defect Reports -
Defect Reporting & Tracking:
Bugs found during execution are reported, tracked, and retested after fixes. Testers work closely with developers to resolve issues. -
Test Cycle Closure:
After successful testing, test results are analyzed, lessons learned are documented, and test artifacts are archived.
Deliverable: Test Closure Report
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